{"id":61239,"date":"2025-12-02T10:00:16","date_gmt":"2025-12-02T16:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/?p=61239"},"modified":"2026-01-16T20:10:03","modified_gmt":"2026-01-17T02:10:03","slug":"not-so-ephemeral-after-all-talking-op-eds-war-and-memory-with-becquer-seguin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/not-so-ephemeral-after-all-talking-op-eds-war-and-memory-with-becquer-seguin\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cNot So Ephemeral After All\u201d: Talking Op-Eds, War, and Memory with B\u00e9cquer Segu\u00edn"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In the years following the end of Francisco Franco\u2019s regime, Spain\u2019s most important newspaper employed many novelists as writers of op-eds. But why? Outlining the literary careers of these prominent Spanish writers, B\u00e9cquer Segu\u00edn traces how their literary production relates to their output as opinion columnists. <em>The Op-Ed Novel: A Literary History of Post-Franco Spain<\/em> addresses the relationship between contemporary narrative and opinion journalism, particularly the role of the newspaper <em>El Pa\u00eds<\/em>\u2014a pillar of the emerging Spanish democracy during the Transition, which began in 1975\u2014and of the heterogeneous community of writers whose work appeared in its pages.<\/p>\n<p>An associate professor of Iberian studies at Johns Hopkins University, Segu\u00edn has omnivorous academic interests, including the crises of social mobilization and populism in contemporary Spain, transatlantic romanticism in Mexico, and paragons of Latin American culture such as Jorge Luis Borges and Ayrton Senna. He also maintains a presence as a public intellectual, appearing regularly in media outlets such as <em>The Nation<\/em>, <em>Slate<\/em>, <em>Dissent<\/em>, and <em>Public Books<\/em>. His work elegantly and entertainingly examines the condition of literature, the role of journalism in society, and the sometimes elusive power of those novelists who make opinion part of their business.<\/p>\n<p>This interview was forged during informal meetings in Philadelphia, over several phone calls, innumerable text messages, and finally a long video call about the cultural conditions of contemporary Spain. It has been edited for clarity.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>Xavier Dapena (XD)<\/strong>: During Franco\u2019s dictatorship, Spain experienced a long period of authoritarian rule that ended with a delicate transition to a parliamentary monarchy. In this context, your book\u2019s first chapter is dedicated to the newspaper <em>El Pa\u00eds<\/em>, famously described by writer Gregorio Mor\u00e1n as the \u201corganic intellectual\u201d of the transition. This term refers to a person or institution that actively contributes to shaping or replacing the political, economic, and cultural forces at play. What was the role of <em>El Pa\u00eds<\/em>\u2014and the press in general\u2014during Spain\u2019s transition from dictatorship to democracy?<\/p>\n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>B\u00e9cquer Segu\u00edn (BS)<\/strong>: <em>El Pa\u00eds<\/em> was founded in 1976, just a few months after the death of Francisco Franco, the fascist dictator who ruled Spain for over 30 years. The newspaper was fundamental in the country\u2019s transition to democracy. It based its project on contemporary newspapers in France and the US, rather than looking to Spanish history for institutional models. <em>El Pa\u00eds<\/em> began to open up a space for people from across the political spectrum, not only those associated with the newspaper. This differentiates it from journalism in France, England, and Germany. It was an attempt to cultivate a brand of opinion writing unavailable to Spaniards before 1976.<\/p>\n<p>But to answer your question: At its origins, <em>El Pa\u00eds <\/em>was not precisely the center-left newspaper that it later became. It was founded by a group of figures who essentially wanted to modernize the government but had substantial business interests; it was, in fact, very close to the former regime.<\/p>\n<p>Take a figure like Juan Luis Cebri\u00e1n, whose father had been an editor at one of the major newspapers during the dictatorship. There\u2019s a political transformation: the editors were driven by a need to make <em>El Pa\u00eds<\/em> profitable but also tended to cleave to the new party in power. As Cebri\u00e1n admits in his memoirs, he was involved in specific backroom conversations with the heads of the new government, and that created a privileged position for the paper. <em>El Pa\u00eds<\/em> was the only major left-of-center newspaper in Spain. There were no other newspapers competing for that readership, at least nationally. It built up hegemonic power and became crucial to the government policies during the early PSOE [Partido Socialista Obrero Espa\u00f1ol, Spanish Socialist Workers\u2019 Party] governments. So naturally, novelists were attracted to this forum that allowed them to reach much broader audiences.<\/p>\n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>XD<\/strong>: In the opening paragraph of your book, you ask why Spain\u2019s most influential newspaper featured so many novelists as opinion columnists. Given <em>El Pa\u00eds<\/em>\u2019s unique role in Spain\u2019s political and cultural transition\u2014originating close to the old regime, then becoming the dominant left-of-center voice\u2014what inspired you to focus on this connection between novelists and the newspaper? How did this question emerge during your research?<\/p>\n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>BS:<\/strong> I came to this project after I had begun writing about contemporary Spain for <em>The Nation<\/em> and closely following the Spanish press. Spain has a long tradition of crossover between journalism and literature; for example, Mariano Jos\u00e9 de Larra, the most famous Romantic in 19th-century Spain, was a newspaper man first and foremost. He edited and wrote for several newspapers, and some of his most famous stories were published in papers, not as columns but as short stories or chronicles.<\/p>\n<p>So you have literary figures occupying preeminent roles in newspapers up to the present day, which differs from what one finds in the US context, for example. By examining that difference, I became interested in the op-ed as a form. And more generally, I wanted to think about how opinion circulates in modern societies.<\/p>\n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>XD: <\/strong>Besides your academic work, you regularly write on Spanish politics and culture for the popular media. Your book combines these two interests: literature and mass media.<\/p>\n<p>Is there a relationship between this duality in your work and your interest in tracing the connections between literature and journalism? What have been the most significant challenges you\u2019ve faced in adapting your communication style as you toggle between these academic and journalistic modes?<\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"wp-block-group pattern related-reading has-oat-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n\n        <div class=\"block-heading\">Related readings<\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"wp-block-columns wp-block-post gap-tight is-layout-flex wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n\n            <div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n                <figure class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image\">\n                  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/plunder-menachem-kaiser-on-property-reparations-poland\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Building_sketch.jpg\" class=\"attachment-feature_img_crop size-feature_img_crop wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Building_sketch.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Building_sketch-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/a>                <\/figure>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n\n                <div class=\"taxonomy-category wp-block-post-terms\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/category\/reviews\/\" rel=\"tag\">Reviews<\/a>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <h5 class=\"h6 wp-block-post-title\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/plunder-menachem-kaiser-on-property-reparations-poland\/\" target=\"_self\">Can We Repair the Past?<\/a>\n                <\/h5>\n\n                    <div class=\"pb-author-block\">\n                  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/author\/sophie-gonick\/\" class=\"pb-author-img-link\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Gonick-headshot-300x300.jpg\" class=\"pb-author-avatar wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Gonick-headshot-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Gonick-headshot.jpg 435w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>          <\/a>\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/author\/sophie-gonick\/\" class=\"pb-author-name\">\n          Sophie Gonick        <\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    \n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n  \n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>BS: <\/strong>In my journalistic work, I aim to explain what is happening politically, culturally, and socially in Spain, especially to a left-of-center American audience. But as a scholar, I am interested in how the novel functions as a genre, history, and theory. That\u2019s the core of my teaching and research. I have always been interested in questions of art and how it reflects a particular political moment. I am intrigued by how writers migrate and take their previous work into a new context.<\/p>\n<p>Moving between audiences and contexts is more about how I adapt as a writer than about how I feel about issues and topics. Once you start writing for journalistic publications, editors insist on the need for clarity and concision. The process of being edited has helped me become a more precise writer.<\/p>\n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>XD: <\/strong>I found your book very literary in its style and structure. For example, each chapter\u2019s first sentences grab the reader\u2019s attention: \u201cJuan Luis Cebri\u00e1n was nothing if not ambitious\u201d or \u201cAntonio Mu\u00f1oz Molina was not a fan of <em>Pulp Fiction<\/em>.\u201d How did you arrive at this specific form?<\/p>\n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>BS:<\/strong> I wanted to begin all of the chapters in an anecdotal fashion, because if you can get into the argument and narrative of the chapter smoothly, people keep reading. Given that I wanted to appeal to varied audiences, I needed to find a way to make it entertaining.<\/p>\n<p>Take the Mu\u00f1oz Molina chapter, for example: I talk about his hatred of <em>Pulp Fiction<\/em>, which synthesizes his moral vision for his newspaper column. Mu\u00f1oz Molina has what we might call a hypermoral sensibility, which drives his newspaper writing and, I argue, simultaneously drives his novel writing. So talking about a film nearly everyone has seen and showing him saying something controversial about it captures the reader\u2019s attention.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>XD: <\/strong>In your book, you focus on the story of a group of novelists in post-Franco Spain, which includes Antonio Mu\u00f1oz Molina, Javier Mar\u00edas, Javier Cercas, Almudena Grandes, and Fernando Aramburu. You argue that their fiction was transformed when they became columnists. How did you select these novelists for your study, and who was left out? I\u2019m thinking here of Manuel V\u00e1zquez Montalb\u00e1n, as well as other notable cases such as Juan Jos\u00e9 Mill\u00e1s, Manuel Rivas, and Elvira Lindo.<\/p>\n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>BS:<\/strong> There are two sets of people who were left out: other novelists who write opinion columns and other novelists who do not write opinion columns but are nonetheless intellectuals. One could write several books about this phenomenon from different angles, and I chose these novelists precisely because of their influence and power. In this cultural space, they are the elite of the elite.<\/p>\n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>XD<\/strong>: By focusing on op-eds and literary novels, you challenge the notion that journalism is \u201cliterature, yes, but of a second order.\u201d Do literary and journalistic writing belong to the same order? What specific argumentative strategies do they share?<\/p>\n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>BS<\/strong>: Many people put literature on a pedestal, in a certain sense, and for me, literature is just another dimension of writing. The fictional element makes it categorically different, but it\u2019s not more or less privileged than other forms of writing. It\u2019s just different.<\/p>\n<p>In that sense, I treat them on an equal plane. The distinction, again, is that of nonfiction versus fiction. How do we understand that? Why are some works treated as fiction when they essentially act as nonfiction?<\/p>\n<p>Take the case of Javier Cercas, who is, in my view, a master of autofiction. What\u2019s interesting to me is that when people critiqued historical inaccuracies in his 2001 novel <em>Soldados de Salamina<\/em>, he decided to respond as a historian, not as a novelist. And he said, essentially, \u201cOh no, this is not a factual inaccuracy of the book. Here is my research, here are the few books I read, here are the historians I talked to; they told me all about these events that I\u2019m describing, which are true.\u201d This is very weird. Why does a fiction author have to defend the nonfiction in their fictional book? As a fiction writer, why do I have to prove my historical expertise to you?<\/p>\n<p>But of course, Cercas doesn\u2019t do that. He defends himself in public because he\u2019s interested in how this blurring of the nonfiction\/fiction distinction benefits his intellectual persona and his ability to act as an intellectual in public, as a historian in public, and not just as a mere fiction writer. And of course, if you\u2019re a historian in the public sphere, you have a much broader ability to opine on matters of public interest than if you were just a fiction writer. You have that legitimacy.<\/p>\n<p>Ultimately, that\u2019s what someone like Cercas is after when he uses autofiction in this historical way. Cercas\u2019s work pushes a particular version of history, so as to persuade readers of the correct way of interpreting the world.<\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"wp-block-group pattern related-reading has-oat-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n\n        <div class=\"block-heading\">Related readings<\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"wp-block-columns wp-block-post gap-tight is-layout-flex wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n\n            <div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n                <figure class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image\">\n                  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/past-dictators-never-die\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/ff-scaled-e1617758293407-1000x600.jpg\" class=\"attachment-feature_img_crop size-feature_img_crop wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>                <\/figure>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n\n                <div class=\"taxonomy-category wp-block-post-terms\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/category\/reviews\/\" rel=\"tag\">Reviews<\/a>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <h5 class=\"h6 wp-block-post-title\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/past-dictators-never-die\/\" target=\"_self\">Past Dictators Never Die<\/a>\n                <\/h5>\n\n                    <div class=\"pb-author-block\">\n                  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/author\/carlos-varon-gonzalez\/\" class=\"pb-author-img-link\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/IMG_0356-scaled-e1617809382881-300x300.jpg\" class=\"pb-author-avatar wp-post-image\" alt=\"Carlos Var\u00f3n Gonz\u00e1lez\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/IMG_0356-scaled-e1617809382881-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/IMG_0356-scaled-e1617809382881.jpg 499w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>          <\/a>\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/author\/carlos-varon-gonzalez\/\" class=\"pb-author-name\">\n          Carlos Var\u00f3n Gonz\u00e1lez        <\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    \n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n  \n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>XD<\/strong>: In what way are novels like <em>Anatom\u00eda de un instante<\/em> and <em>Soldados de Salamina<\/em> part of this strategy?<\/p>\n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>BS<\/strong>: Cercas uses autofiction to accrue legitimacy as a historian in the public sphere without writing academic scholarly history, or even popular history. He wants to be able to simultaneously have the facts, to use a set of historical events, historical circumstances, historical research\u2014he is very proud of all the research that he does, going to archives, talking to people, talking to historians, etc.\u2014but he\u2019s not interested in strictly telling a narrative that is only about the facts. And that is, in part, because he\u2019s very interested in psychology: literature can allow him to play around with understanding how people\u2019s psychology works in different historical episodes.<\/p>\n<p>So, for example, <em>Soldados de Salamina<\/em> (2001) is essentially a story of a journalist investigating this very peculiar episode in the Spanish Civil War. It\u2019s a true story: a fascist ideologue is put before a firing squad, escapes, and is found again by a Republican soldier, who spares his life and does not turn him in to his fellow soldiers. In the novel, Javier Cercas is the narrator and is very present throughout. Essentially, the novel describes a research trip. He talks to people, he interviews people, he talks to his partner, he talks to everyone about this story; then he writes that story; and ultimately he finds the anonymous Republican soldier who saved the life of the fascist ideologue.<\/p>\n<p>In his next major novel of historical autofiction, <em>Anatom\u00eda de un instante<\/em>, Cercas is not participating in the way he did in the first one. Instead, he uses the third person and an even more objective lens through which to understand history. His switch to third person was in response to the debates around Spanish history in the 2000s and critiques of <em>Soldados de Salamina<\/em> in the public sphere. In the new novel, he tries to avoid the critiques made of his first novel.<\/p>\n<p>Cercas was surveying what people thought of his works and his presence as an intellectual in the public sphere. He was saying, in effect, \u201cTo become a more respected intellectual, I need to remove myself from my own autofiction,\u201d which is wild. And yet it\u2019s still autofiction, attempting to accrue legitimacy by leaning on history.<\/p>\n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>XD<\/strong>: How do you view the career of someone like Antonio Mu\u00f1oz Molina? He started as a novelist but has come to be seen as a public intellectual who champions a certain Spanish nationalism and maintains a particular perspective on historical memory.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\">\n<blockquote>\n<p>Why does the op-ed still hold sway over writers who want to be intellectuals or want to have some public presence?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/figure>\n<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>BS<\/strong>: The <em>indignados<\/em> movement made many important critiques, including critiques of the elites. And these novelist intellectuals are the elite of the elite of a particular type of cultural figure in Spain. Yes, they were critiquing figures like Mu\u00f1oz Molina and Javier Mar\u00edas, who were very interested in preserving a specific idealized version of the transition to democracy: one that made it unimpeachable, off-limits to any critique.<\/p>\n<p>But Mu\u00f1oz Molina didn\u2019t start like this. He began as a novelist in the late \u201980s, writing novels that were postmodernist in flavor but international in references. He was very interested in bringing in cultural artifacts from across the globe, especially jazz, into Spanish literature. What\u2019s curious to me about Mu\u00f1oz Molina\u2014and the reason I start with the anecdote about <em>Pulp Fiction<\/em>\u2014is that even as he brings these cultural artifacts from across the globe into his literary writing and also into his column writing, he still adds this powerful moral bent to the literature and the essays he writes. They are very charged with moralism. That\u2019s what I see as quintessential about Mu\u00f1oz Molina in particular.<\/p>\n<p>But in the \u201980s, when he started, I don\u2019t know if Mu\u00f1oz Molina was as critical as he later became of people who wanted to criticize the transition to democracy. The Mu\u00f1oz Molina of back then was more cautious than someone like Javier Mar\u00edas, who will go out on a limb and say that certain aspects of the transition to democracy were terrible. Still, perhaps it\u2019s a case of Mu\u00f1oz Molina being in one position for so long that he falls back into a particular conservatism he wishes to defend.<\/p>\n<p>What\u2019s curious about these writers is that almost all of them reached literary fame very quickly. They exploded onto the scene, and perhaps that has much to do with their subsequent novel writing and opinion columns.<\/p>\n<p>A writer who has produced opinion columns for a long time and has had to deal with all the ramifications of those columns, the reactions and the criticisms, might be more sympathetic to a plurality of perspectives and less likely to rigidly adhere to their thinking. But one who shoots into literary fame very quickly and then suddenly gets a column in <em>El Pa\u00eds<\/em> doesn\u2019t have time to become as open and self-reflexive as some of these novelists should have been.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps that has a little bit to do with why, by the 2010s, many of these writers came to be seen by the <em>indignados<\/em> movement and others as just another part of the staid Spanish elite. They were seen as a group that couldn\u2019t change its opinions and didn\u2019t want to entertain alternative views of Spanish history or call for a new transition.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>XD<\/strong>: Moving on to Javier Mar\u00edas, I remember the profound impact that <em>Tu rostro ma\u00f1ana<\/em> had on me, even though I remember absolutely nothing of its plot. \u2026 Tell me about Mar\u00edas\u2019s notion of \u201cliterary thought\u201d and its role in his approach to novel and opinion writing.<\/p>\n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>BS<\/strong>: Javier Mar\u00edas takes this idea of literary thought from his father, Juli\u00e1n Mar\u00edas, a well-known moral philosopher in Spain during the 20th century. Mar\u00edas\u2019s father\u2019s tastes were very eclectic, and literature was one of his primary interests. Mar\u00edas takes on the concept of literary thought, which is that literature can produce contradictory arguments and thinking. If you\u2019re in the natural sciences or any scholarly or nonfiction form of writing or thinking, you have to have some coherence, but for him, literary thought didn\u2019t have to have any coherence. It could tell two truths at the same time that might appear to be contradictory.<\/p>\n<p>So why is this important? Well, a novel has many characters, and the views of these characters are all legitimate, to a certain extent. They\u2019re just different opinions about one particular situation, moment, or circumstance. You don\u2019t have to have the coherence that one would have as an engineer trying to solve a specific technical issue, where there can be multiple solutions but the solutions are clear and definite.<\/p>\n<p>The solution for literary thought is not clear and definite. It\u2019s about truth, and truth, according to Mar\u00edas, is a much more open category than we have in other domains.<\/p>\n<p>Now, literary thought is convenient to point to when you\u2019re trying to make arguments in the public sphere. You can say, \u201cOh, but this is literary thought, and therefore I can contradict myself without having to uphold argumentative and persuasive standards, standards of evidence that one would need to prove a point in an op-ed. I can get around this with my idea of literary thought.\u201d And that\u2019s striking to me. Yes, obviously Javier Mar\u00edas is an excellent literary writer who knows how to develop characters who are opposite to each other, who do not share the same political beliefs, who do not share the same family backstory, the same character traits, etc. But at the same time, novels like <em>Tu rostro ma\u00f1ana<\/em> seem very clear in their ideological and political orientation. What literary thought does is essentially deflects particular critiques that one could make of a novel and certain ideological views that that novel wants to advance, that one might want to challenge. Literary thought allows Javier Mar\u00edas, the novelist, to decline to say whether his opinion is this one or that one or whether he has any coherent opinion at all. It\u2019s a distraction mechanism.<\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"wp-block-group pattern related-reading has-oat-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n\n        <div class=\"block-heading\">Related readings<\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"wp-block-columns wp-block-post gap-tight is-layout-flex wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n\n            <div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n                <figure class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image\">\n                  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/young-almodovar-versus-old-almodovar-in-the-world-series-of-love\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"656\" height=\"437\" src=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Parallel-Mothers.jpg\" class=\"attachment-feature_img_crop size-feature_img_crop wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>                <\/figure>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n\n                <div class=\"taxonomy-category wp-block-post-terms\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/category\/essays\/\" rel=\"tag\">Essays<\/a>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <h5 class=\"h6 wp-block-post-title\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/young-almodovar-versus-old-almodovar-in-the-world-series-of-love\/\" target=\"_self\">Young Almod\u00f3var Versus Old Almod\u00f3var in the World Series of Love<\/a>\n                <\/h5>\n\n                    <div class=\"pb-author-block\">\n                  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/author\/cassandra-neyenesch\/\" class=\"pb-author-img-link\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/IMG_7312-300x300.png\" class=\"pb-author-avatar wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>          <\/a>\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/author\/cassandra-neyenesch\/\" class=\"pb-author-name\">\n          Cassandra Neyenesch        <\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    \n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n  \n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>XD<\/strong>: When I was reading your book, I felt that Almudena Grandes sits uneasily in this group of writers, both ideologically speaking and regarding her role in the Spanish cultural field. Do you feel that discomfort or not?<\/p>\n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>BS<\/strong>: Yes, in part. Almudena Grandes is much more to the left than the other writers I cover, besides being the leading female novelist I studied in the book. But I chose Grandes because she too broke into the <em>El Pa\u00eds<\/em> opinion page. She started writing for <em>El Pa\u00eds Semanal <\/em>in the late 1990s, and in 2007 she finally got a column on the back page of <em>El Pa\u00eds<\/em>, in the opinion section. This was a momentous change, not only for Grandes in her career but also, I would say, for the opinion pages of <em>El Pa\u00eds<\/em>. But the real argument I wanted to make is about ideology. Almudena Grandes fits with this group not because of her left-wing political commitments, which are further to the left than her male counterparts. She\u2019s here because of how she used literature to promote those political commitments.<\/p>\n<p>The chapter I wrote on Almudena Grandes is about the novel of ideas, the <em>novela de tesis<\/em>. Grandes is recovering a form of fiction that flourished in the late 19th century with realists such as Benito P\u00e9rez Gald\u00f3s and others. She did this in order to express her very left-wing political ideas. One of the tendencies that she and other novelists fall into\u2014whether it\u2019s Aramburu and his literary populism or Mu\u00f1oz Molina and his high moralism\u2014is that they become very dogmatic in the way that they present their ideas, both on the opinion page and in their novels. The book that I studied from Grandes, <em>El coraz\u00f3n helado,<\/em> is an excellent novel; essentially, it\u2019s about two middle-aged people, a man and a woman, who fall in love and simultaneously investigate the past of their own families during the Spanish Civil War and the dictatorship. One of those families went into exile in France, and the other one essentially stole land and property from the family that went into exile.<\/p>\n<p>But how she presents political ideas in that novel is dogmatic, even schematic. And that is what brings her together with these other writers like Javier Mar\u00edas or Mu\u00f1oz Molina, who also present their political ideas in very dogmatic and schematic ways, such that, if you know where to look, you can see those parallels. While Almudena Grandes is distinct in certain ways, she falls into those same traps.<\/p>\n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>XD<\/strong>: Let\u2019s talk about Fernando Aramburu and his novel <em>Patria.<\/em> As I was reading <em>Patria<\/em>, I felt a certain uneasiness: although the novel <em>appears<\/em> to offer a balanced account of the Basque conflict, the treatment doesn\u2019t <em>feel<\/em> balanced. Do you share this uneasiness? What are the implications of this on the reading Aramburu offers of the Basque conflict?<\/p>\n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>BS<\/strong>: <em>Patria <\/em>is essentially about two families. One is the family of a man who is murdered by an ETA [Euskadi Ta Askatasuna, Basque Country and Freedom separatist organization] cell. The other is the family of a teenager who is a suspect in the murder. These families were friends, and then all of a sudden, this murder breaks them apart. It\u2019s a story of how they begin as friends, experience a rupture in that friendship, and come together again at the end.<\/p>\n<p>When I read the novel for the first time, I was struck by the ending, in which these two women are essentially hugging it out. It was a very stereotypical image. Then I started reading Aramburu\u2019s opinion columns and found one from 2011, right after the ceasefire, where he concludes with that same image, which would become the novel\u2019s final and most powerful image.<\/p>\n<p>What\u2019s interesting to me is that Aramburu is doing something very 2016, which is making a populist gesture, in the sense that he wants to cast himself as being above ideology. You can see this on the left as well as on the right. In literary or opinion-journalistic terms, to say that you\u2019re balanced is a coded way of saying that you don\u2019t have an ideology, or that you are beyond ideologies, precisely because you claim to give equal weight to both sides of this political conflict.<\/p>\n<p>In the novel, he makes choices in order to say that he is balanced. Specifically, he dedicates essentially the same amount of time and space to the family that is the victim of violence as to the family that is the supposed perpetrator of that violence.<\/p>\n<p>When I read the novel, I found it unsettling that almost half of the characters who were supposed to be fundamental characters were completely underdeveloped: \u201cflat protagonists,\u201d in the words of Marta Figlerowicz. It was clear that Aramburu was not interested in their political ideas in the same way he was interested in the political ideas of the other family. The result is an extremely unbalanced novel that still manages to present itself as balanced.<\/p>\n<p>People may think I\u2019m more critical of Aramburu than of someone like Mu\u00f1oz Molina or Mar\u00edas. Perhaps it comes across that way because I wrote the Aramburu chapter first and was trying to prove a point. But the wild thing is that with almost all of these writers, I enjoy their novels aesthetically, especially <em>Patria<\/em>, while finding many of them extremely questionable politically.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>XD<\/strong>: Your book reflects on the situation of journalism and literature through its writers and their historical conditions. As conditions shift\u2014including the transformations we have seen in the media landscape in recent decades\u2014what kinds of figures might supplant the op-ed novelist? Or will this figure continue to be relevant?<\/p>\n<p class=\"nonindented\"><strong>BS<\/strong>: This book is a study of a group of novelists and a moment in time that has, to a certain extent, been exhausted. These prominent figures came into political and literary consciousness in the \u201980s and \u201990s, when newspapers were so influential that the popularity and influence they achieved through column writing is just unattainable now.<\/p>\n<p>The op-ed is \u201cjournalism\u2019s sonnet,\u201d according to Francisco Umbral, which is a beautiful way to understand an ephemeral piece of writing that is not so ephemeral after all. I take Umbral to mean that the op-ed has formal features that will continue to live on, because they have become ingrained in our understanding of argumentative writing and opinion writing.<\/p>\n<p>Today, you have think pieces and other forms of internet writing. For example, what is a Twitter thread? It\u2019s an op-ed, just broken down into more digestible chunks. But the purpose is the same: I\u2019m going to make a claim, I\u2019m going to provide some evidence, and I\u2019m going to give you a conclusion, and you\u2019re going to think differently about this topic from now on. It\u2019s the same as the op-ed.<\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"wp-block-group pattern related-reading has-oat-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n\n        <div class=\"block-heading\">Related readings<\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"wp-block-columns wp-block-post gap-tight is-layout-flex wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n\n            <div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n                <figure class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image\">\n                  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/the-doors-still-locked-fiction-after-fascism\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/olya-p-DQAZ4ypiVGU-unsplash-1000x600.jpg\" class=\"attachment-feature_img_crop size-feature_img_crop wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>                <\/figure>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n\n                <div class=\"taxonomy-category wp-block-post-terms\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/category\/reviews\/\" rel=\"tag\">Reviews<\/a>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <h5 class=\"h6 wp-block-post-title\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/the-doors-still-locked-fiction-after-fascism\/\" target=\"_self\">\u201cThe Door\u2019s Still Locked\u201d: Fiction after Fascism<\/a>\n                <\/h5>\n\n                    <div class=\"pb-author-block\">\n                  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/author\/kaitlan-bui\/\" class=\"pb-author-img-link\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Kaitlan-Bui-Portrait-scaled-e1717076263305-300x300.jpeg\" class=\"pb-author-avatar wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Kaitlan-Bui-Portrait-scaled-e1717076263305-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Kaitlan-Bui-Portrait-scaled-e1717076263305-1024x1024.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Kaitlan-Bui-Portrait-scaled-e1717076263305-768x768.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Kaitlan-Bui-Portrait-scaled-e1717076263305.jpeg 1220w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>          <\/a>\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/author\/kaitlan-bui\/\" class=\"pb-author-name\">\n          Kaitlan Bui        <\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    \n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n  \n<p>So in that sense, that form of writing will last much longer than we anticipate. I don\u2019t know if it\u2019s going to be replaced, but you can see that even today, one of the things that many young writers and even middle-aged writers want to achieve is to have an opinion column. Think of writers like Isaac Rosa, Marta Sanz, or younger writers like Sergio Del Molino and Ana Iris Sim\u00f3n, author of <em>Feria<\/em>. Or the Catalan writer Irene Sol\u00e0. I don\u2019t know if she was even 30 yet when she got her first opinion column. What\u2019s remarkable is that this has cut across generations, ideologies, and worldviews. If you\u2019re a more conservative ruralist, you still go to the <em>El Pa\u00eds<\/em> opinion page. If you\u2019re a young Catalan novelist, you still go to the opinion pages of <em>Ara<\/em> and the other Catalan daily newspapers. There\u2019s still some gravitational pull that I don\u2019t think is going away, even for the younger generation.<\/p>\n<p>The other question is whether this is still influential in the grand scheme of things. Does this still give them the public influence that Mar\u00edas, Cercas, and Mu\u00f1oz Molina had in their heyday? Probably not. I don\u2019t think that opinion columns generally have that same sway today.<\/p>\n<p>But what\u2019s more interesting for me is, why does it still hold sway over writers who want to be intellectuals or want to have some public presence? And that, in turn, points to some of my thinking in the book: that in the mind of a writer, opinion columns and novels are much more closely related than we might think.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cWhy does the op-ed still hold sway over writers who want to be intellectuals or want to have some public presence?\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":61240,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1193],"tags":[2486,1051,206,103,20,149],"pbpartner":[],"section":[],"pbseries":[],"class_list":["post-61239","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interviews","tag-francisco-franco","tag-harvard-university-press","tag-interview","tag-journalism","tag-literature","tag-spain"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u201cNot So Ephemeral After All\u201d: Talking Op-Eds, War, and Memory with B\u00e9cquer Segu\u00edn - 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